Learn to know about the different classifications of Law definition? If yes, then this article is for you.
Here you will find the best MBA notes regarding the classification of law in Jurisprudence in easy words, so you learn quickly.
Classification of Law Introduction
There is no uniform classification of law because different
lawyers and authors classify it differently. Classification means the
classification of different fields of law. Classification of law is based on the collection of rules similar in
character.
 |
| Classification of Law |
The law has been classified into two major divisions. International Law and Municipal law.
1. International Law
This Law deals with relationships between two or more two states. Whenever a conflict arises between two states, the rules applicable are called Internation Law. International law is further divided into two parts. i.e Public International Law and Private International Law.
- Public International Laws. Public International Laws deal with relationships between two or more two states.
- Private International Laws. When a dispute arises between two individuals of different countries in another country, not belonging to any individual. The rules applicable are called Private International Laws.
2. Municipal Law
This law is also called State or National Law. This law is further divided into three categories. i.e, Public Law, Private Law, and Procedural law.
- Public Law. Classification of law is made in such a way that one side party is the state and the other side party is individuals. This law is subdivided into different five parts.
- Constitutional Law. The judgments of the Supreme Court are called constitutional law. The decisions of the Supreme Court on constitutional matters are also called constitutional law. It is a supreme document of the state which tells about the basic structure, origins, and working of the state.
- Administrative Law. It is such a document that deals with the public administration of the state. The officials of a government when do not perform their duty according to rules. The rule applicable is Administrative law. For example, if a person is involved in corruption. Holding a court of inquiry and punishment can be granted through Administrative Law.
- Criminal Law. This is another division of Public Law. In court, one party is the state and the other party is the individual. In criminal matters, the state is the complainant, and public prosecutors are involved as layers of government.
- Labour Law. The rights of labor are dealt with by Labour Law. It is the responsibility of the state to deal with issues of labor. In Pakistan, Factory Act and Workman Act are the laws relating to labor.
- Taxation Law. The tax deduction is the responsibility of the government. Approximately 73 x types of taxes are imposed on the citizens of Pakistan and 7 x agencies are working on the collection of these taxis.
- Private Law. This is the classification of the law of Municipal Law. In this law, two sides parties are private individuals. The state is not involved in their matters, however, guided by its rules. This law is subdivided into four different parts.
- Contract Law. Contract problems are dealt with by this law. If a contract is violated by a party, it is the right of another party to lodge a civil suit against the other. In Contract Act, there is the law on 'Specific Performance of Contract' that guides contracts.
- Family Law. All family matters, like divorce, maintenance, guardianships, etc are dealt with by this law. In these cases, the two parties are civil individuals. In Pakistan, 'The dissolution of Marriage Act of 1939', 'The Muslim Law Family Ordinance', 'The Muslim Family Court Act of 1964', and 'The Guardian and Wards Act' etc, all deal with family laws.
- Tort Law. Tort Law is a civil wrong that is different from Criminal Law. This law deals with only loss, without any punishment. So far, this law is not well developed in Pakistan. Like many other countries, the United States, and the USA, this law is well developed. 'The Consumer Act 2005' covers the activities of manufacturers and service providers in a well-defined way.
- Property Law. All property matters are dealt with by this law. In Pakistan, 'The Transfer of Property Act', 'Stamp Act', 'And registration Act', etc are relevant to property. The exchange of property is between two civil parties, hence it is a type of Private Law.
- Procedural Law. Another classification of the law of Municipal Law is Procedural Law. This law involves two major procedures, 'Civil Procedure' and 'Criminal Procedure'.
- Civil Procedure. It starts with the plaintiff. The court issued a summon to the person on which the suit was filed. He presents written evidence in court. After reviewing the documents from both sides, the court issued a frame and called for evidence. After hearing the evidence, the court gives its decree and goes to judgment in detail. Finally, the court executes its decision.
- Criminal Procedure. This procedure starts in two ways. One is FIR and the other is complaint procedure. The court start an investigation, framed the charge, and called for evidence. After hearing the evidence, the court gives its judgment. If the court found a conviction, charge a sentence, and if not guilty, then acvict the case. If the court found a conviction and charges a sentence then execution is another step.
Read More: Letter of Credit in Business Law
What is Business Law and Source?
 |
| Sources of Business Law |
Business Law Definition
- It is that branch of law that consists of laws relating to trade, industry, and commerce. Business Law is named Commercial or Mercantile Law.
- A business is an essential part of a state's economy. In a state, laws are used to run a business smoothly. Business law guides businesses. Business law helps businessmen resolve legal problems. If there is a legal problem for a businessman, the law can help him to be safely secure and provide a solution.
Sources of Business Law
- British Business Law. Before 1947, the British government enforced certain business rules called British Business Laws. These laws form the basis of contract law in the United Kingdom, with the Contract Act 1872, Bills of Exchange Act 1882, Negotiable Instrument Act 1882, and Partnership Act 1932 all dealing with contract formation.
- Pakistani Business Law. The foundations of Pakistan's economic laws come from the British. The Pakistani government makes laws called Paksitani Business Laws. These Laws consist of Banking Companies Act Ordinance 1962, the Sales tax Act 1990, Income Tax Ordinance 2002, Company Act 2017, and Limited Liability Partnership Act 2017.
- Judicial Decision. The decisions made by the court become part of the legal system. Cases are referred to in these decisions. These decisions can help to settle the dispute and provide a resolution.
Importance of Classification of Law
Rules of laws were in scattered forms. In a state, there are various laws, such as Criminal Laws, Civil Laws, Commercial Laws, Family matters Morality Laws, etc. It was very difficult to read and learn these laws separately.
Jurists and authors tried to make groups of these rules to categorize the same nature of rules in one field. They combined marriage-related rules into one category. Similarly, Contract related rules, Criminal rules, Property related rules, etc into one separate category. The Classification of Law has been made so that the students of law understand easily.
Why law is important for society?
As we know that law is necessary to regulate the behavior of people in society, we also know that law is necessary to regulate the behavior of people who are involved in the business. The agreement makes the terms binding in a court of law, so the business can run smoothly.
Read More: Best Definition of Law by Different Authors
If you have any doubts please let me know